The Problem With Carbon Emissions

Carbon Emissions .... what are they? Many in the media talking about carbon emissions and how to reduce our carbon, but how many of us actually know the meaning.

Carbon emissions are the result of burning carbon-based fuels (fossil fuels) such as coal, oil and natural gas and the carbon compounds released into the atmosphere. How this affects us apart from the obvious pollution question is that the high concentration in the atmosphere of changes in carbon dioxide results in the rising of the earth's temperatures, causing the problems we are experiencing today...i.e. climate change, the melting of the ice cap, rising sea levels etc.

This situation is a global problem and it involves everyone from the major industries in the USA and Japan and the developing industrial countries such as China and India to businesses in cities and towns using computers and office water coolers, to all households using heating and electricity.

On a huge scale, there are international processes in place in the form of the Kyoto agreement, which calls for global co-operation in reducing emissions. This suggests long-term undertakings from the major countries to reduce their carbon footprint by using different technologies already available such as shifting to wind, solar and geothermal power to produce electricity. Also, increases in machinery and transportation efficiency.

Industrial emissions are a major problem, making it the responsibility of each government to set down and implement policies that limit the enormous impact the emissions (from factories etc) have. Clean energy technology would see a change from dependence on carbon based to hydrogen based energy systems resulting in a more stable climate and cleaner world to live in.

On a more localised level, businesses have a responsibility to play their part. This could entail everything such as, using more natural ventilation instead of air conditioning, reducing excess lighting and heating, reduce leaving things on standby (in some cases hundreds of desktop computers), and reusing or recycling paper, office furniture, IT equipment etc. By leaving a PC monitor on standby, enough electricity to boil 500 kettles is wasted annually. The implementation of web, video and phone conferences can greatly reduce a company's carbon footprint negating the need for travel often by car or air.

Even the provision of water to a workforce creates carbon emissions. Water miles are the distance travelled by vehicles transporting the water bottles for dispensers in businesses. The simple way to overcome this is to install mains fed office water coolers, which will remove an enormous number of heavy vehicles in city centres.

Another advantage of the latest technology in office water coolers is that instead of filling a kettle to make tea or coffee, water in these machines can now be boiled to a temperature where hot drinks can be made from the water produced. Therefore, only the correct amount of water needed is heated. If people only boiled the amount of water they actually needed, enough electricity to run nearly all the street lighting in the UK would be made available.

The message to households is to turn down or switch off. Most UK households produce 6 tonnes of CO2 emissions per year. By turning down the thermostat by 1 degree, replacing ordinary light bulbs with energy saving ones, not leaving their technology on standby for 24 hours a day or leaving lights on using excessive amounts of electricity unnecessarily, individual household emissions will see a reduction of approximately 2 tonnes of CO2 emissions per year.

Carbon emissions are here to stay for a very long time yet but if each country, business, household and individual took conscious steps to take responsibility for their own contribution, our global outlook would be very much a healthier one.

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Saving Energy in the Kitchen

Kitchen, with all appliances, gadgets and heat, is a hotspot for potential energy saving. As the oven uses energy the most and make the room very hot when cooking, this is a good place to start.

For instance, when baking cookies use two trays. While one is in the oven baking, the other one is prepped with raw cookies ready to replace the tray in the oven with no wasted heat and some time saved. When we bake bread we also fill the oven with foil wrapped potatoes. The potatoes can be stored in the fridge without the foil and used throughout the week in a myriad of recipes, or as a side dish. This method can be applied to a menu plan in that if you are baking one dish, try to include a side dish that is baked as well.

By turning off the oven a minute or two before the dish is done, the residual heat will finish the cooking. When done with the oven, open the door to allow any leftover heat to warm the home.

Pasta cooking water can be left out until it has completely cooled so that the heat and moisture are released back into the air. Before pulling the plug, consider leaving hot dishwater (and bath water) until it cools. Why pay to heat up your sewer pipes? When cooking vegetables, consider steaming instead of boiling. When steamed, more nutrients are retained in the food, and because it requires less water to heat - there is less energy used.

In summer, consider cooking on the barbecue to help keep the house cool. Most barbecues now include side burners that make outdoor cooking all that much easier.

All these methods are relatively easy to adopt and when added up, the savings in energy and time really do make a difference.

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Can bamboo flooring really help save the worlds’ environment

Probably not on its own, but this one is very excellent, example of how consumers can be vote with the purchase of dollars for them to change the market demand for products that bring more environmentally friendly in the marketplace.

Bamboo flooring is a rising trend in home flooring and a great alternative to traditional hardwood floors. It is the most environmentally friendly natural hardwood flooring alternative you can select for your home, it is a renewable resource, is stronger than steel, and has a greater resistance to expansion and contraction problems associated with temperature and humidity changes.

The bamboo grass is one of the fasted growing plants on the planet, only takes 5 years to grow to maturity, and can provide 25 times the bio mass of a comparable stand of trees. Bamboo is harvested every 5 years, and starts to re-grow immediately with new shoots when harvested. Bamboo is also strong and has a tensile strength exceeding mild steel. It can withstand up to 50,000 pounds of pressure per square inch versus some steels 50,000 psi ratings.

Bamboo flooring is also become a very trendy interior design statement with its rich and beautiful golden earth tones. It is important to shop around for a quality bamboo flooring product that contains no formaldehydes in its binding compounds. Many offshore brands use cheaper binding agents that may contain formaldehydes, and this can cause indoor air pollution problems down the road as all chemical compounds will slowly release their toxins into the air.

So why look to bamboo to save the environment? Bamboo is an excellent replacement product for much of the hardwood species that are being harvested in our global equatorial rainforests. Once harvested, these hardwood species often never grow back due to the thin layers of soil and lack of sunlight under the jungle canopies, and if they do grow back it can take up to 200 years! Our global rainforests are the lungs of our planet and provide a significant contribution to our global oxygen production, second only to the ocean.

By selecting bamboo flooring you reduce the consumption demand for rainforest hardwood materials, and in the process help save to the environment for our future generations.

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Environmentally-Friendly "Earth Homes"

You know what the "Earth Homes"? Earth Homes are houses that are basically construction from the earth. Some earth homes built of earth materials: adobe, mud, straw, or may be underground as an earth-sheltered home. Environmentally friendly, earth homes warm and cold easy and the most parsimonious is the primary energy.

Adobe Earth homes are houses constructed from bricks comprised of tightly compacted earth, clay and straw. Adobe earth homes can be naturally waterproofed by using fermented cactus juice!

Earth sheltered earth homes are houses the are constructed underground - or at least mostly beneath the ground surface. Surrounding soil is a superp and nautral insulation which makes these homes cheap to heat and cool. Usually installed in a well-drained hillside, earth sheltered homes have a skylight window that can fill the home with natural sunlight. Although costs may run a bit higher than conventional home construction, earth sheltered homes are a good, long-term investment as lowered maintenance and energy savings make up the difference.

Straw Bale earth homes are making a comeback as well. Straw bale earth homes are obviously constructed of straw and grass, are energy efficient, and can cut material building costs by as much as fifty percent.

Earth homes, such as Cob Houses are built from clay-type lumps of soil, sand and straw. Similar to the adobe homes, except cob earth homes do not use bricks or blocks. Cob homes have walls that are sculpted into smooth forms. Again, very energy efficient, cob homes are well-suited for the very cold climates and deserts.

Rammed earth homes may have over 18-inch, thick walls that are made from a comcination of dirt, sand, cement and water. Energy conservative, rammed earth homes have the appearance of bungalow-style charm and help keep the house warm in winter and cool in the summer. Additionally, rammed earth homes may last hundreds of years.

Why build an earth home? Earth homes conserve energy, and in most cases are easier to maintain and can endure for years to come. An excellent site to visit on earth homes: www.hobbithomes.ca This particular site even has a recipe for building your own "cob" earth home, and other projects as well.

As we embark on a strange, new age and global warming continuously on the rise, doesn't it make sense to construct your new custom home as an earth home?

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How geen house gases will destroy the earth

Great Julius Caesar's death came swiftly when he way to the Capitol. And one of his murderer is Brutus, a trusted friend! If you talk of betrayals, sure will many strange things that happen. For even Agamemon - a mighty men of land conqueror, he was killed by his own wife!

But pity neither Caesar, nor Agamemon. For your best riends are this moment betraying you. They have dug your grave, made out your coffin and are preparing to announce your obituary, even while you are still alive!

But hold on before you dispatch hired assassins to good old Billy, or faithful Penelope, and end up in the dock for first-degree murder. Who are these friends?

They are greenhouse gases. Now, try this experiment. Find a hot corner of the street, park your car there, and shut yourself inside with the windows closed. How do you find the experience?

The car will be terribly hot because while the transparent glass lets the sun s rays in, it cannot let out the dangerous invisible infrared radiation. You will be killing yourself!

The same story proves true for the earth s atmosphere which acts like the glass in a greenhouse. It traps the sun s heat thereby warming the earth. Without it, the earth orbiting in the cold, empty space, would freeze!

But too much of a good thing is bad. The greenhouse gases-- our friends which make us warm, are turning into our enemies. Let s see their dubious roles.

WATER VAPOR
As our friend, it absorbs heat. But as our enemy it cooperates with other gases to sound our death knell.

CARBON DIOXIDE
As our friend, it traps heat and sustains life. But we have produced too much of it that even the plants and the ocean cannot absorb, and the surplus is turning up the earth s temperature.

METHANE
As our friend, this natural gas is as useful as carbon dioxide. But it has turned into an enemy because we have produced twice as much as we need, and the excess is making it impossible for the atmosphere to disintegrate other dangerous gases.

CFCs
As our friend, when chlorofluorocarbons are in the lower atmosphere, they are efficient heat absorbers. But when they rise up, they become our enemies because they go to destroy the earth s protective umbrella, the ozone.

NITROUS OXIDE
As our friend, this laughing gas like CFCs absorbs heat when it is in the lower atmosphere. But when it goes up, it destroys the ozone.

OZONE
This gas is our friend when it is in the high atmosphere where it filters deadly ultraviolet radiation, the cause of skin cancer. But when it comes down, it becomes our enemy.

Since these greenhouse gases are being added into the atmosphere daily from the use of fossil fuel, how can the danger of mass poisoning be avoided?

Well, Homo Sapien the smart has already dreamed up solutions:

Man will harness solar power to replace conventional ones.

Man will invent clean burning hydrogen fuel in place of the hazardous petroleum products.

Man will make a gigantic parasol to shield the earth from the sun s dangerous rays.

Man will reforestate the globe to suck up excess carbon dioxide.

Man will fire up giant laser rays to kill CFCs before they damage the ozone.

Man will use solar power satellites to collect solar energy from space, and send it down as microwaves, or laser beams, for use in place of burning fossil fuels.

Man will . That s enough. Thank you man the wise. Clap for yourself!

Let s hope that you will fix the greenhouse gases before they cover your grave!

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A Few Of The Facts About Hybrid Vehicles

Is your car wasteful? Did you feel it necessary to increase the efficiency in your car or reduce oil consumption is high enough for you to save costs?

You probably might have, given these times when oil prices are sky-rocketing and price hikes are being introduced every week. Your expenses for gasoline might even be reaching astronomical levels.

Through the years, especially since the first oil crisis in the 1990s when the first Iraq vs. United States conflict started, car manufacturers from Japan, the United States, Germany and elsewhere have begun the development of specially built and designed cars that would lower oil and gasoline consumption.

These cars are especially high-regarded during these times, because, apparently, gasoline has become the most essential liquid in the world, aside, of course, from drinking water.

Because car makers have always aimed to offer cars to the market that would quench consumers thirst for vehicles that do not mainly operate and rely on gasoline, the emergence of hybrid vehicles was made possible.

Hybrid vehicles

Hybrid cars, as manufacturers claim, are the cars of the future. That is because those cars are considered the answers to peoples prayers over the past years for vehicles that would not necessarily run on gasoline, which has prices that are so volatile due to emerging conflicts in the oil-producing countries every now and then.

Nowadays, car owners are being forced to just commute or take the public vehicles on their way to work everyday instead of using their cars because the gasoline prices are so high, that everyday use of the car would be unsustainable and most often, becoming a luxury.

In those cases, the purpose for buying or purchasing a car is breached, overlooked, neglected and unattained. For sure, cars are bought to give the buyer the convenience of going to destinations without the hassle of a public transport, which usually are tormented by delays, accidents and unlikely incidents.

No wonder, the launch of hybrid vehicles not so long ago was bombarded by promising and higher than expected sales of the cars. It is understandable that people have long awaited and anticipated the market launch of hybrid cars.

A little on the technical aspects of hybrid vehicles

Hybrid vehicles generally refer to those types of automotives or cars that run on the joint power brought about by gasoline and electricity stored in high-capacity electric batteries.

Hybrid vehicles save on fuel because there are certain times when the vehicles rely on the electric power produced by the batteries. Thus, consumption of gasoline is significantly lowered, leading to reduced oil or gasoline bills by the owner.

The technology for the manufacture of hybrid cars is continuously and consistently evolving over the years, marking significant changes, modifications and improvements time after time.

Usually, hybrid vehicles make use of rechargeable energy storage system also known as RESS which comes hand in hand with a propeller that provides fueled propulsion power.

In other countries, the term hybrid vehicle also refers to petroleum-electric hybrid cars which are also called hybrid-electric vehicle that use gasoline to feed the cars internal combustion engines or ICEs and built-in electric batteries that provide the vehicles electric requirements to power the electric motors.

Manufacturers

Giant car companies around the world have somehow embarked on a tight race to massively produce hybrid cars. The competition for such types of cars is becoming more and more intense through the years especially because there is a rising opportunity in the segment.

Opportunities do really come in time of crises so giant car makers are rushing to each offer the consumers their own hybrid car versions and models and at the same time, underpin rising demand for such cars, equating logically to higher sales and company revenues.

Japans Toyota Corp and Honda Corp are leading in the race to dominate the hybrid car market not just in Japan and the United States but also in other parts of the world, where people are becoming more particular about efficiencies and oil-cost downgrades.

Other car manufacturers follow suit, and it is expected that in the next couple of years, more and more hybrid vehicles are to be unveiled in the market by the two car makers and their aggressive competitors.

No wonder, because hybrid vehicles are tagged not only as oil and cost-saving cars but also as environment-friendly vehicles. Yes, you read it right.

Because hybrid vehicles have reduced gasoline consumption, it follows that smoke and greenhouse gas emissions are also significantly reduced.

Thus, purchasing hybrid vehicles is like hitting two birds in just one stone. You would practically save on gasoline and oil costs and at the same time help save the environment by reducing the rate of green house gas emissions.

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Understanding an Ecosystem

No one lives in a vacuum, we might say, and the same is true of nature. Just as people need other people to touch and learn to survive, as well as other elements in the universe and the planet earth. May be difficult even if most of us understand the universe with the naked eye, we can go out and learn about the world around us without having to use a microscope and even during some of us have any idea about what we are looking for. Studying a microcosm, or smaller world of organic activity, can help us to understand larger principles and systems at work on a major scale.

As schoolchildren, we study the basic physical sciences, including biology, physics, chemistry, and geology. College students will learn even more about some of these topics in fulfilling the general education requirements for just about any diploma. Yet, because few of us study all the sciences at length, we often do not understand very much about the way the natural world works. That's why personal study of a nearby ecosystem may help to expand our knowledge base in useful ways.

Start by reading an introductory lesson on the type of system you want to study. It might be about a woodland area, a bog or marsh, a river or pond, or a plain or meadow. You could study a farmer's crop of corn or beans, or a neighbor's trickling stream. Wherever you look in the rural outdoors, you can find a mini-system of natural principles operating to support a variety of life forms. If you have kids or grandchildren, or teach school or children's church, you may even want to arrange a field trip for an hour or so to let them learn about nature the experiential way. Go over the basic guidelines for identifying an ecosystem and how the parts work together to create a system that supports living creatures and plants.

Choose a good-weather day for the expedition. If you plan to investigate a neighbor's property, get permission first. Be sure there are no safety hazards like swampland, ditches, or gas lines that someone could stumble over. Let everyone know the boundaries for the study project, along with an idea of what to look for. Then it might be a good idea to pair everyone in two's to keep anyone from wandering off or getting lost. Another advantage to twosomes is they can check their impressions with each other to clarify findings.

Have everyone describe the terrain, the climactic and environmental conditions, and the dominant weather cycles for the region. They can do this afterward in discussion or take notes while in the field. Then they should look for typical life forms in the area, including species and genus, if they know how to classify organisms. Otherwise, a simple list by common names is fine. They should at least be able to separate insects from mammals, and so on. Animal tracks can be used as evidence in lieu of seeing the actual creature, like deer, for example.

The next step is to find water, air, and food sources that support the living things. Applying known rules or principles to actual observations will provide a rich and personal learning experience. In the notes or via discussion, explain how everything in the area works together to support an environmental life chain. This type of activity makes a great family excursion or a fun hobby for an individual. Try it sometime to see whether you enjoy reading physical history in the great outdoors.

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Air Pollution

EFFECT OF THE AIR POLLUTION. Studies shown that adults in the country is most polluted cities- even cities that meet EPA water quality standards - are 15% to 17% more likely to die faster than those in the city with clean air . (Source: Dockery, et al., Harvard School of Public Health, 1995).

BUT WHAT ABOUT THE KIDS? It is recognized that because of their physiology, children are at greater risk than adults are from both short- and long-term illness from breathing noxious air.

a) Children consume more oxygen than adults to maintain body warmth. An infant consumes three times as much air per pound of body weight as an adult - that means three times more pollutant per pound of body weight!
b) Children are more likely to breathe faster through their mouths. Breathing through the nose filters out as much as 90% of some pollutants before they reach the lung.
c) Children, especially those under 10, are more sensitive to damage because their lungs are still developing.

THE RESULTS:
a) Children receive more concentrated doses of pollutants that they are less equipped to handle than adults are. Computer models show that children can receive three to four times as many pollution deposits as adults.
b) In the short term, high levels of air pollution have been linked to higher incidence of respiratory tract infections, such as colds and croup, and asthma - which jumped 58% among six to eleven year olds in the 1970s. Children living in particle smog hot spots suffer more chronic bronchitis and school absences due to chest colds and pneumonia.
c) Research into the long-term effects of kids' growing up under brown skies is underway and still incomplete, but what we do know is not good. Children may be suffering from air pollution long before the damage is obvious. A University of Southern California Study released in 1990 compared children from Houston and Southern California. the results: children in California's South Coast Air Basin suffered a 10% to 15% loss in lung function compared with Houston children.

In essence, these kids' lungs are aging prematurely, and they are running out of lung. When these kids get to be 20 to 25, the natural trend is for lung capacity and flexibility to go down. A lower lung capacity when the downward curve begins suggests deleterious effects on health in later years.

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Design Your Saving Energy Plan

At least once in a while and most likely when the utility bills are delivered people seriously consider finding a good energy plan that might be helpful in assisting them with implementing some techniques that will result efficient in what concerns reducing the amount of energy consumed in their household.

There are some basic things that anybody can check and fix, if necessary, that can contribute to improving the overall energy saving in a home, which include, for example, identifying any possible cavities in the walls. You should know that wall cavities are actually the prime result of 33% of the overall heat lost in your house, which is why an insulation of the walls might constitute one of the most cost efficient manners to save energy at home. It is relevant to mention that a well-performed cavity wall insulation will have as a direct result a cool house during summer and a warm indoor atmosphere during winter.

Moreover, it is also recommended to check your boiler and its functionality and more than that it would be really good to try to carry out this action during summer time, so that in case you find anything wrong with it you have the time to fix it. Studies show that old boilers are one of the main causes of domestic energy lost. As a consequence, a new and energy efficient boiler might actually result into a real method of saving up to a third of the amount that you are currently paying for your heating bills.

In case you decide you need to purchase any sort of new appliances for your home, make sure you buy only the electrical appliances that have the energy saving logo on them. You should be able to find it on most of the appliances, starting even with light bulbs.

All these small and apparently insignificant details are sure to make a difference in the overall energy consumption of your household, so do not hesitate to keep them in mind!

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The Best Ways to Effectively Combat Mosquitoes

The born of mosquito diseases affect millions of people around the world each year. Mosquito bites can cause a variety of effects, from irritation to the skin to contracting malaria. Clearly, mosquitoes are not just a nuisance, but also potentially dangerous. By taking steps such as wearing long pants in the area of wooded or disposing of standing water, you can minimize the possibility of attracting mosquitoes. These steps are often not far enough to avoid attract from the mosquito, and the specialty products needed for combat mosquitoes. Each of the products used for mosquito control have varying degrees of Effectiveness, and it is important to know that some may be better than others.

Mosquito Nets

There are a variety of mosquito nets available in different sizes, materials and shapes. Each style of net has its advantages, and ensuring that you are using the most suitable one increases your chances of eliminating mosquitoes. It is crucial to find a net that has a mesh size large enough to allow air to circulate, but small enough to keep the mosquitoes out. Mosquito nets can be used to cover small and large areas such as your bed or your porch. Mosquito nets are an effective way to naturally combat mosquitoes. You can find mosquito nets here: www.travelhealthhelp.com.

Electric mosquito zapper

An electric zapper works by using ultraviolet light to lure in bugs and then kills them upon contact with its lethal dose of electrical charge. Unfortunately, although this is a highly successful way of killing bugs, mosquitoes are not actually attracted to ultraviolet light, and research into this method of mosquito control shows that 90% of what the electric zapper kills are actually insects that do not bite. In fact, some of the bugs that are killed are those that help us eliminate mosquitoes by eating them. You can find electric mosquito zappers here: www.mosquito-zapper.com.

Mosquito Magnet

Like the electric mosquito zapper, the mosquito magnet is one of several mosquito traps that claim to best eliminate the pesky insects. The mosquito magnet works by releasing a carbon dioxide spray, heat and moisture that the mosquito mistakes for prey. Once the mosquito gets too close to the magnet, it is sucked in and eventually dies of dehydration. The mosquito magnet is run by a propane tank and can therefore be transported anywhere. This form of mosquito control is the most expensive of all methods and there is no conclusive scientific evidence to support its effectiveness.

Mosquito Repellent

There are a number of natural and chemical mosquito repellents that work to repel mosquitoes. The synthetic chemical repellent, DEET, is the most effective. It is essentially a poison that masks the natural odor and carbon monoxide that is released from the human body. DEET must be used with caution, especially with children. It has been known to cause dizziness and can severely irritate the skin. For these reasons, many people choose to use a natural mosquito repellent like a citronella spray. Citronella has active ingredients that repel mosquitoes and for some, the lemon smell is very appealing. You can find mosquito repellent here: www. travelhealthhelp.com. Read more about mosquito repellents here: www.about.com.

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How to Ensure Quality Control with CO2 Analytical Support

Calibration standards, performance audits, and the FDA's never-ending safety, labeling and inspection requirements are just the tip of the iceberg when it's come to dealing with the strict quality control standards on the beverage industry. Due to the strict quality standards, beverage producers are increasingly called upon to get products to market faster using fewer resources, while simultaneously managing ingredient quality, and ultimately, risk.

Mix rigorous regulations and mounting market challenges with exploding competition and the opportunity for enormous economic reward, and it becomes obvious that products must be perfect the first time around to fulfill production requirements, comply with distribution standards, and ultimately provide each consumer with the exact same exceptional product every time.

All of which makes quality control more necessary than ever.

Quality Assurance in the beverage industry starts by ensuring that top quality gases are used to perform the carbonation process and continues through the bottling and distributing process with a high-tech quality control examination.

On the top of the list of gases regulated in the world of drink is carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the main components of many of the beverages produced today, including soda, beer, sparkling water, and sports drinks. CO2 has also become a major constituent of orange juice through supercritical CO2 processing during pasteurization and has even entered the world of dairy with the addition of "Refreshing Power Milk", a new carbonated milk hybrid, to the refreshments market.

Leading beverage manufacturers in this $700 billion industry are taking the critical step to ensure purity of beverage-grade CO2 by using analytical support gases and quality assurance services. Since ensuring purity of CO2 is such a crucial factor in the beverage production process, choosing a specialty gas company to provide purification, calibration, and cross-reference services for your products should be a priority.

Keep in mind that specialty gas companies outside of the beverage industry hold a uniquely favorable position as authoritative and neutral third-party qualifiers. These companies provide experience in developing trace contaminant calibration standards as well as independence from the supply and certification of beverage grade CO2, which helps to ensure unbiased statistical and graphical reporting.

Regardless of the industry from which the service company originates, it is vital that it provides specialized service in the CO2 industry and adheres to industry standards on commercial quality with regard to CO2.

Some more guidelines to consider when choosing a Quality Control Specialty Gas Service: Your CO2 supplier should provide certification and analysis indicating compliance with commercial quality standards, such as ISBT, the International Society of Beverage Technologists Your quality assurance service company should have the resources available to create custom gas mixtures for CO2 ingredient quality control. Typical components include (but are not limited to) the following: Methane Ethane Ethanol Dimethyl Ether Ethyl Acetate Methanol Ammonia Nitric Oxide Nitrogen Dioxide Carbonyl Sulfide Acetaldehyde BenzeneCyclohexane Ethylbenzene Diethyl Ether Toluene m-Xylene p-Xylene o-Xylene Preparing two sets of gas mixtures should be standard procedure for your chosen service company, with double analysis of each set to check for minor component stability, and guarantee a shelf life for the components. To further assure accurate results, your service company should identify inaccuracies and verify analytical processes by having participant labs analyze blind internal audit standards. Your service company should furnish a report to your company's quality control department detailing analytical results, including a statistical representation of the performance of each participant laboratory.

Membership in the International Society of Beverage Technologists (ISBT) Quality Committee, Carbon Dioxide Subcommittee, should be maintained in order to keep abreast of emerging analytical methods and technologies within the beverage industry. Top of the line service companies will provide CO2 Cross Referencing Services to confirm the accuracy of critical analytical processes. These programs provide beverage manufacturers with a reliable and objective method of monitoring the performance of multiple laboratories who qualify carbon dioxide used in carbonated beverages as well as confirm ingredient quality. Cross-Referencing Service should be considered in order to: oAchieve the highest degree of confidence in the accuracy of analyses confidentially identify inconsistencies or other problems in analytical processes and maintain reliable and accurate intra-company quality assurance.

Most importantly, make sure the service company has top rate internal CO2 Audit Standards to meet the most demanding accuracy requirements for virtually any type of customized mixture and that a Certificate of Accuracy is provided for each cylinder. By choosing a Quality Control Specialty Gas Service carefully, your company can be sure to keep pace with the ever-expanding list of regulations -- and quite possibly gain an even larger piece of this multi-billion dollar pie.

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Using Water As a Power Source

Much water is used as a source of significant power source in many countries around the world. In fact, in Norway are used to produce 99 percent of electricity in the State. So, how does it work is able to generate electricity?

Water constantly moves through a vast global cycle. First, it evaporates from water sources such as lakes and oceans, forming clouds. The water is returned to the Earth in the form of precipitation such as rain or snow. This eventually flows through rivers until it reaches larger bodies of water such as monstrous lakes like Lake Baikal in Russia or oceans.

The sun powers this natural cycle through the evaporation process. In doing so, it also gives us a very clean energy resource that can be used to generate massive amounts of electricity.

When flowing water is captured and turned into electricity, it is called hydroelectric power. While there are different types of hydroelectric power plants, all rely on the kinetic energy found in flowing water as a basis for generating electricity. In projects such as the Three Gorges Dam in China, the amount of electricity produced is simply stunning.

The exact process by generating electricity differs slightly in each situation, but is basically uniform in the fundamental workings. A site is located on a river where there is a significant volume of water and flow rate. A dam is then built on the river, which effectively seals off the water flow. When the dam is built, spillways are created within the structure, which allow the water to pass through the dam in a controlled manner.

Within the lower section of these spillways, large turbines are placed with their "paddle" fans in the path of the water. As the water rushes pass, the fans are turned and electricity is produced. The electricity is then either stored or sent out on lines for use in cities. For example, electricity produced from Hoover Damn on the Colorado River supplies electricity to Las Vegas and surrounding towns.

Generating electricity with water is a fairly common methodology. Since it doesn't produce pollutants or waste, it is also a good one for our environment.

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An Abundance of Plastic Bags!

Every time you shopping at the store, you will surely receive a plastic bag. Every time you buy bread you end with a plastic bag. This is amazing, for one year how much you can end with a plastic bag! Below are some suggestions for recycling and reusing these bags:

- Another way to use up those plastic grocery bags is to use them as paint-tray liners when you're redecorating indoors. No need to buy the expensive liners---this way you just use & toss it out when you're done painting. Gone are the days of messy cleanups!

- If we are going to the store for only a few items, we take along a cloth or canvas bag, thereby reducing the need for plastic grocery bags.

- Many grocery stores in our area have bins for you to put your bags in so they can be recycled. We take our bags and put them in the recycle bin.

- For small garbage tins, rather than buying garbage bags we use the plastic grocery bags to line our smaller garbage tins.

- We have made our dog, Sheema, a pillow to lay on, we used the plastic grocery bags to stuff the pillow, makes a great cushion for her!

- We make our own bread and rolls, so we save the store bought bread bags and use them to put our bread and rolls in...much cheaper than buying bags!

- We always keep plastic grocery bags in our trunk. They are handy for wet clothes when we go to the ocean and also are great to have if Sheema (our dog) decides to use someone else's property to do her thing, make a great glove for picking up you know what!

- When we travel, we always have plastic grocery bags with us to put our dirty clothes in.

- When mailing gifts, we use the plastic grocery bags as stuffing around the gift, helps prevent damage to the gift.

- Over the past year we did a lot of renovations to our home. When painting, we would wrap our paint brush in a plastic grocery bag. The next day when we were ready to continue painting, the brush would be soft and ready to use.

- The library is always looking for plastic bags. We always take some with us to carry our books. What we don't use we leave there for others to use.

Help the environment by recycling and reusing your plastic bags.

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You Will Believe in This Plant

Why We Like the Green Giant Arborvita (e) So Much?
Our farm, Highland Hill Farm, is located in solid clay. Therefore, we like plants that can grow well in dense, heavy, rather impermeable, NOT well-drained soils. One of the arborvitae, green giant, the Western Redcedar Tree, or botanically, the Thuja Plicata, is our favorite. That is why we are like plants such as this.

The hardiness zone the Green Giant Arborvita tolerates is from zone 5 to zone 8. That's where extreme cold temperatures get down to a temperate level of about 15 or 20 degrees in the winter (Zone 8), but also as low as a frigid level of 15 or 20 degrees BELOW zero (zone 5). Green giants are evergreens, being cedars. Their rapid growth rates can in ideal conditions reach 3 feet per year. Site requirements for the Green Giant Arborvita are sun to partial shade, moist well drained soil preferred (but still does well in clay), and protection from wind, at lest when young.

The Green Giant is a beautiful tree. It has an aesthetically fine form. It's conical, being narrow to broadly pyramidal, reaching from 50 feet to 80 feet in height in southeastyern Pennsylvania. The width at the base of the cone is usually about 15 feet to 20 feet. The leaves are rich green making graceful foliage.

Green Giants make a superb privacy screen. They keep their foliage color year 'round, great for brightening bleak gray winter days with snow on the ground. The cinnamon bright red bark when young turn rich russet brown with time crating a strong contrast with the needle leaves.

Green Giants' flowers, their fruit are pretty little light brown half-inch female cones. (Just so you know, Green giants are females, so its okay to call the cones pretty.) The Green Giant is also a wonderful shade tree, casting a dark, dense shade. The wood is strong too, once the tree is beyond its youth.

This is an arborvita that should outlive even your grandchildren. There are Green Giants out west documented to be over 300 years old. Just don't plant these too close to the ocean, or roads in areas where there's a lot of salt used for snow removal. If you get over 100 inches of snowfall and more per year, no roadside Arborvita planting where salt is used, PLEASE. The greatest soldier of ancient Greece in the Trojan war had his one little weak spot, what proved to be a fatal flaw, and the "Achilles Heel" for Green Giant Arborvitae is hypersensitivity to salt.

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Using the Sun for Power - How It Works

With large discounts program and tax credit being issued by the government and the State, the use of sunlight to generate electricity became very populair. So, how does it work?

Generating electricity from the sun is all about converting sunlight into power. Importantly, the process has nothing to do with converting the heat produced by sunlight into energy. This common misconception leads to a lot of confusion regarding solar systems.

The technology behind solar systems is known as photovoltaictechnology. Essentially, this technology involves using sunlightto create a chemical reaction. During the chemical reaction, electrons are released from the relevant material and collected by tiny wires. This process creates a direct current of electricity. The electricity is then converted to usable alternating current electricity and stored in a battery or fed into a utility grid system.

Solar platforms use this exact process to produce energy. The arrays are made up of small squares called photovoltaic cells. A collection of these cells forms a single panel and a collection of panels makes up a "solar array." The size of your array is entirely dependent upon the amount of electricity you want to produce.

The photovoltaic cells in a solar array are where the action happens. The cells are typically made with crystalline silicon under a glass cover. When sunlight hits the crystalline silicon, the material reacts by kicking off electrons. Tiny wires built into the cells collect the electrons in the form of an electrical current. This current is then sent to an inverter, which converts it to usable electricity.

The biggest issue with solar platforms is how efficiently they convert sunlight into electricity. The answer depends on how much you want to spend. Top brands will convert at roughly 15 percent efficiency. Less expensive brands will convert at 5 to 10 percent efficiency. The more efficient the panels, the fewer you will need.

It has become clear that our reliance on fossil fuels is only going to lead to further problems, whether political, environmental or economic. Advancements in solar technology as well as incredible tax breaks and rebates make using the Sun as an energy source a viable solution for you.

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It’s a Global Solution for Pollution!!!

One of the most dangerous environment caused by carbon pollution. Before understanding on Carbon Offsets, lets first understand what about carbon.

About Carbon:
With the atomic symbol C and atomic with rank 6, Carbon is nonmetallic element distributed widely in the forms of diamond, amorphous and graphit.

About Carbon Offsets:
Understanding carbon offsetting is reasonably simple.Carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the burning of fossil: fuels: oil, coal and natural gas. Every individual on earth is responsible for carbon dioxide emissions through the use of energy. Energy is consumed in many fashions from road; air, rail and sea travel to heating/cooling our homes from watching TV to reading with the lights on, and beyond. The fact is we need to use energy to function in a civil society.

However, energy supply is finite and we must reduce and replenish what we use if we expect to keep our planet healthy for centuries to come. That’s where carbon offsetting comes into play. Carbon offsetting is also considered as the act of offsetting gas emissions. Common example of carbon offsetting or the use of carbon offsets is the purchase of "carbon offsets" in an attempt to compensate for the carbon dioxide production caused by personal air travel.

About Carbon Emissions:
It is the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The emission of carbon is the single greatest contributor to global warming. Carbon emissions are not a localized issue – emissions in one part of the world have an effect on the climate and quality of air around the globe.

The challenge of dealing with the impact of carbon emissions is an area that has been long overlooked by the global community.

Many nations have made strides to promote the need to reduce emissions by providing a forum for individuals, households and businesses to contribute to the cause against global carbon emissions through voluntary offsets.

Why to reduce emissions?
Global Carbon Care provides a way for you, your family, your business, and your community, to offset the carbon emissions that cannot be eliminated.

In short, the offsets you purchase will significantly reduce emissions somewhere else in the world, possibly in your own country. The effects of reduction in one part of the world impact everyone else who shares the planet. Thus, an offset project in one country could have 100 times the positive effect in another country and take a much larger step toward reducing global carbon emissions than an individual can achieve by reduction alone.

Steps to Reduce Carbon Footprint :

1. Estimate Carbon Footprint

2. Start Reducing by following Methods

Lighting/electricity

• Switch to low-energy light bulbs or LED lighting.

• Turn off lights and equipment when not in use.

Transportation.
Maintain the correct tire pressure to reduce fuel consumption.
Consider using alternatives to fossil fuels like biodiesel, LPG and electricity. Go hybrid, otherwise.

Water.
Deal promptly with dripping taps and costly leaks.
Get water-efficient toilets, showerheads and faucets.

Heating/air conditioning.
Consider using alterative energy sources (i.e. solar or wind power).
Ensure that all future home or business HVAC assets are the most energy efficient on the market.

Waste.
Recycle to reduce less landfill and lower disposal costs. Incorporate the use of balers and compactors.
Be sure to compost food waste if you do not have a municipal program in place for biodegradable waste.

Source locally.
Buy food from local sources
Purchase office equipment and supplies from local companies whenever possible.

Training.
The key to any good community or business carbon reduction (or environmental) program is good training. Make sure all employees or citizens are properly educated on the processes in place and the importance of following the mandate.

Global Carbon Care was founded to help accelerate the cause of finding an existence of equilibrium between the earth and its inhabitants. By providing a vehicle to make a difference for those are able to do so, Global Carbon Care hopes to provide individuals and businesses with the ability to make good on their social responsibility to preserve the earth for future generations.

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Knowing More About Global Warming Statistics

The weather is getting hotter, this cannot be denied. In the last ten years, the temperature has reached the highest value ever happen in the planet's life. Even more, in the last quarter of a century, nine years were the hottest, so the trend is easy to be seen. And the name of the trend is global warming.

On the surface of the United States, the annual temperatures have been rising with 1 degree Fahrenheit since 1990, and for 30 years, they have been knowing an increased rate that is three times bigger than in the whole century. This trend is accelerated by the increased emissions of CO2.

Not just weather gets hotter, but meteorological events become more severe and extreme. Tropical storms, hurricanes are also intensified by CO2 emissions and they hit land areas with more anger and force.

To see the connection between the factors, lets take a look at figures. From 1800, the level of CO2 in the atmosphere has known an increase of about one third and it may triple until 2100, if nothing is done.

An economic alarm code should be launched. The intense hurricanes that truck United States in 2005 caused more than $100 billion dollars losses. Plus, the layer of ice that covers our planet in the north and the south lowers rapidly, which cause more storms and hurricanes.

To have an idea about how fast the ice melts, scientists say that, at this pace, the Glacier National Park will remain without its glaciers until 2030.

In terms of what already have melted into the seas and oceans of the planet, about 400,000 square miles of ice from the Artic area are no longer. The fauna that existed there is threatened by extinction. And it all happened in just 30 years.

As a result of glaciers melting, the level of water in seas and oceans has risen with approximately 10-20 cm in the last century. It may sound like little now, but the truth is that many people that live in coastal areas will be forced to retire to the insides of the continents, as their home will be taken away by the ever growing water. Also, the land in these areas will become more and more erosive which can lead to serious land falls. Another disturbing effect of the melting glaciers is the reduction of fresh water reserves.

Animals and plants will have to suffer, and more than one quarter of the existing species will be terminated forever till 2050, causing severe imbalances in the ecosystem. A quarter of the total CO2 emissions on the entire planet is the responsibility of United States. Still, there is much more to be done by the government in the United States to fight global warming. There are many signs that no concrete measures to reduce the pollution are under way. Pollution continues and so does the evolution of global warming with all its dangerous consequences.

There is no doubt that global warming is causing more and more damage to the planet on which we all live. Measures must be taken, solutions must be found, and these statistics should fire the alarm, in case that no one of those with decision power has yet noticed that we are heading towards a planetary disaster. If we start to do something now, we still have chances to diminish the consequences and even reverse the process.

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Environment Friendly Products

The hottest issue at this time who come to the attention of all people in the world is the issue of Global warming. After the scrutinizing of a variety of research and observation, concluded that the overall temperature of the earth increases. Solid scientific findings have turned it from a mere theory to a harsh reality. The worst part of that is this the bad effect of temperature increase in the ecosystem has started to appear.

In a global movement to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere many initiatives are being taken both at private and government level. Many developed nations in the world have already started producing energy from eco-friendly means like solar, wind and thermal power. All these environment friendly sources of energy are also called green energy or green technology. With the use of green technology, efforts are underway to reduce the utilization of fossil fuels to produce energy. Several 'Green Technologies' like water purification, recycling, sewerage and solid waste treatment and renewable energy are being successfully employed to achieve goals.

Many worldwide and global organizations are working with dedication in order to conserve our environment reduce the effects of Global Warming. But as an individual, you can also contribute by not contributing towards Global Warming. Several environmental organizations are promoting the use of energy saving and eco-friendly products. By choosing these 'Green products' and refusing to use the old products which posed a threat to the atmosphere, each individual can also play a significant role.

Most manufacturing companies have started to produce eco-friendly and Green products for customers in order to become a part of the solution. Eco-Friendly cars also known as 'hybrid cars' are being manufactured on a limited scale to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Similarly many Environment friendly electronics and home appliances are available in the markets which are also affordable. These Green electronics have their power sources in solar and thermal power which is perfectly safe for environment.

Green products like solar chargers and energy saver bulbs not only give better results by using less energy but they are also low-cost. Water saving spout is a great alternative to a normal tap, as it hugely reduces the waste of water. Its thermal censors allow the water to flow only when a human hand is under it and helps save up to 70% of normal water usage. Other green electronics include environmental air and water filters, solar battery chargers, energy saving kitchen appliances, vacuum cleaners and other home appliances that use less energy.

Each and every individual, irrespective of race and nationality must unite and contribute to reduce Global Warming. Even if we cannot make a big contribution, by ensuring the use of Green products we can at least cease to be a part of the problem. The threat that Global Warming poses is in fact directed towards each and every human and animal living on Earth as without it humans cannot exist. By adopting Green living we can help save the Earth, which is by far the most beautiful place in the whole Universe.

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Car Washing and Environmental Pollution

When we wash our cars on the road, we can easily pollute rivers and harbors. Dirty soapy water is all the dirt and running out of the car, oil grease, soap wash car, and other cleaners into the drainage system. But where they really end up? Every car owner should be aware that all this rinse water and contaminants that run into drain system end up in rivers and other open water, as storm water, unlike the water which enters the sewers, does not undergo treatment before it gets into the lakes, Ocean and rivers.

It is not easy at all to change the behavior of chronic car washers (people who wash their cars at least once a week), as many of this category don?t see or don?t want to see the connection between their actions and water quality. And if you are not too much worried about environmental protection you should keep in mind that polluting waterways in such a way is a breach of the Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 and may result in a $750 fine for individuals or a $1500 fine for corporations.

Those car owners who are concerned that they may be fined for washing their cars on the street often send their enquiries to the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA). Questions arise from fleet vehicle owners, civic groups, equipment wash companies and others about the proper wash water disposal in their activities. The number of such enquiries proves that this burning question is not widely covered in mass media.

In the USA a car is considered to be the second closest man?s friend after the dog. With more than 750 motor vehicles for every 1.000 Americans the car became a symbol of independence and freedom. Car owners want to know how to wash their cars in order to minimize the negative impact on the environment.

The following tips will help you to get answers to your questions. They are assigned not only for concerned individuals who ?want to do the right thing? but also for those people who traditionally views car washing on private property as unregulated and ?unregulatable?. Also you should keep in mind that while all of these tips are management practices and common sense recommendations, they must be observed by persons performing washing activities in order to be in compliance with Maine law.

Where to Wash Your Car.

1. Wash your car on the grassy surface to minimize the runoff. Make sure you are not causing any inconveniences to pedestrians. As this is the breach of local councils? regulations.

2. You can wash your car in the driveway if it drains onto a lawn or garden area but never do this if the water runs into a street or a drain.

3. When you wash your car you must be sure that the area does not drain into the stormwater system, including the drains in the street.

4. If you can?t reasonably avoid washing the car over impervious surfaces (for example, in apartment communities), block off the storm drains and divert the runoff water to the sanitary sewer or a safe recharge area.

5. In case of absence of a suitable area to wash your car look for alternative area ? maybe one of your friends or neighbours has a suitable ground.

6. Suitable areas for car washing are always provided by service stations. The best place where you can wash your vehicle is a self serve car wash where the runoff water is treated to remove pollutants before getting into the sewer.

7. When washing your car use a trigger hose, hoses with automatic shut-off nozzles or at least bucket to save water.

8. Don?t use much detergent or soap. You?d better wash the car with plain water and coarse sponge. If you prefer detergents they must be biodegradable low- and no-phosphate.

9. The waste water must be disposed onto a lawn or garden.

10. Wash you car once, maximum twice a month and reduce the amount of cleaning products per wash.

Nowadays a lot of governmental and private corporations start campaigns which aim to encourage ?Do It Yourself? DIY car washers to switch to using commercial car washers. Such campaigns as ?Take Me Out to the Car Wash? promote the benefits of professional car washing and spread the word about the negative consequences of DIY car washing.

COMMERCIAL CAR WASHES

Commercial car wash premises treat the runoff water before disposing it into the sewer. However they have negative features also. Commercial car washes spend much more soap and hot water than hand washing.

There are some quite new car washes which clean, recycle and reuse the runoff water. Such systems consume much less water than standard ones and all waste water is treated before disposal.

So keeping your car clean and attractive-looking, take care of the environment at the same time! It is so easy!

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Geothermal Renewable Energy - The Earth

The heat of the Earth makes up what is known as Geothermal energy. When the dust and gas from the earth mixed together 4 billion years ago, the geothermal energy. In the core of the earth, some 4,000 miles depth, the temperature is estimated to approximately 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Throughout the history of geothermal energy has been used for bathing, relaxing, cooking and heating. By some thought has also been used for the treatment of skin and eyes as a healing effect. The first generator that produced Geothermal energy was built in Lardarello, Italy in 1904. The United States followed with their first attempt at Geothermal power in 1912 at The Geysers in California. Today this has been produced by twenty-one countries around the world.

Geothermal energy is located deep in the ground. The heat at the core of the Earth has an outward flow. As it moves, it is transferred to surrounding rock layers called the mantle. As temperatures and pressure increase, the rock melts and becomes magma. The magma moves toward the surface of the earth carrying the heat with it. If the magma reaches the Earth's surface, it becomes lava. However, most of it stays below the Earth's crust and heats rocks and water that surround it. These temperatures can reach up to 700 degrees Fahrenheit. When the water travels to the Earth's surface, it becomes hot springs or geysers. Mostly it stays trapped in fractured, porous rocks called geothermal reservoirs. This heat near the Earth's surface becomes a form of energy.

Hot water or steam from the reservoir exerts a force that can spin a turbine connected to a generator and produces electricity. The cooled water is then returned to the reservoir in order for it to reheat. Much exploration and testing needs to be done to determine where the geothermal underground waters are. When ideal spots are located, drilling is done to create production wells that bring the water to the Earth's surface for power generation in geothermal power plants.

Although the costs to construct geothermal plants and geothermal wells are high, the cost of producing electricity is lower over time. The fuel is reliable, stable and does not need to be transported. The white smoke you will see over geothermal power plants is not smoke but rather steam. During the process of operations it may, however, bring some hazardous gases from underground.

The United States stands as the biggest producer of geothermal energy. Unfortunately, interest in it is low and it only accounts for about 1% of this country's energy supply. Through research and experience new methods and technologies for accessing geothermal energy will improve. Tapping into the heat under the Earth's surface can produce much more of the nations energy. We are at a point where renewable energy sources must make their way to the forefront of the energy picture. Not only are fossil fuels being depleted, but also they are ruining our air quality. In time, geothermal energy may become an appealing alternative. Competitive pricing and minimal environmental impact could produce a hot future for this renewable energy source.

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Air Travel Carbon Emissions are destroying the Environment

UK government intends to cut carbon dioxide emissions as much as 60% in the year 2050 but we will not be able to satisfy our desire on climate change without any restrictions on air travel demand. At present the experts predicts that only 5.5% of the UK Emissions carbon is due to air travel and that the government should concentrate on the other 94.5% as the UK air travel industry generates thousands of jobs and billions of pounds in revenue and these figures are set to increase as the airline industry wants to increase the number of passenger movements in UK airports from about 200m per year now to about 470m by 2030. if this happens, then air travel will be counted more than 10% of carbon emissions in the UK. It will be more than 10% if other polluting sectors such as car travel are reduced due to an increase in public transport use and cleaner fuels.

What can we do to prevent this growth in flying?

The government has said it wants aviation included in the next round of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. What is this? Well?

There is an emissions trading scheme in operation internationally but many people are not aware that this is perceived to be the cornerstone of the climate change policy in the EU and USA.

Firms are set quotas on how much carbon dioxide they can produce per year, if they produce more than this allowance, then they buy an allowance from another firm that has not reached its quota on how much it can produce in one year! Get it?

Emissions Trading is particularly suited to the emissions of greenhouse gases, the gases responsible for global warming, which have the same effect wherever they are emitted. The idea of the carbon-trading scheme was to raise the cost to firms of continuing to pollute while creating a market to give an incentive to become more environmentally efficient.

Another suggestion to curb travel is airlines paying higher taxes on short haul European flights to reflect emissions, even if this results in higher fares. The thinking is that taxation through passenger duty would be easier and quicker than focusing on the Emissions Trading Scheme but any proposed increase in taxation would need to be enough to slow down the growth and eventually decrease the number of short haul flights.

A decrease in flights would be bad for airports and airlines as they would see a decrease in airport generated profits and could lead to a number of job losses and competitiveness for the UK economy, but other sectors of the UK economy such as domestic tourism would benefit thus creating jobs and revenue for the tax man to get his greedy hands on.

Most of the wealthier nations in Europe are developing an air dependent culture and its clear that something needs to be done. Frequent flying for business and pleasure and second homes abroad is fuelling this growth in air travel. Other forms of public transport such as rail are getting more expensive making domestic flights within the UK more affordable and convenient. In the USA this tends not to be the case due to the distance between major cities.

Carbon offsetting helps you to offset the carbon dioxide that you use when flying by planting trees or installing solar panels and thereby removing your contribution to global climate change. You contribute to pollution by flying; you reduce the pollution by planting trees! You are carbon neutral!

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